Naqsh-e Rustam, a mysterious ancient

Naqsh-e Rustam, a mysterious ancient

Naqsh is one of the most important and most beautiful ancient Persia . It is about 5/2 kilometers from Persepolis, in Haji Abad Mountain ( Naqsh ) remaining. The Naqsh three distinct effects can be seen:

1 - Works Elamite period from 600 BC to 2000 . M

2 - Works from 600 to 330 BC, the Achaemenid period . M

3 - Works from 224 to 651 CE Sassanid era .

From contemporary inscriptions (about 100 years ago ) there.

Elam works

The disappearance of God made ​​up of two snakes that are sitting on wrinkled clothes to wear . This role is the one belonging to the Elamite era and the new role mamasani Kvrangvn in the first millennium BC .

Of the Achaemenids

Temple of the Achaemenid tombs of Naqsh-e Rustam has left .

Achaemenid tombs

Tombs of the Achaemenid kings right as follows:

- The tomb of Xerxes (0445-486 BC. )

- Tomb of Darius ( 486-522 BC. M. )

- Artaxerxes I ( 424-465 BC. M. )

- Darius II ( 405-424 BC. M. )

Width and length of each of their tombs 19 93/22 meters and a height of approximately 26 meters from the mountain peaks are located.

Outdoor shrines that generally are similar, has the following characteristics :

King of the arc is embossed on the upper platform is evident , the rainbow is a sign of strength . Against the king , the Mazda is seen . The embossed image is altar are two sacred fire is burning in them . In the top right corner of the picture, the moon can be seen that the instability of the show.

At the bottom of the platform , UN representatives, subsidiaries , have kept the throne with his hands .

Column, the column can be seen that they also have a two-headed cow -like columns of Persepolis. Enraged lion is seen in the low number of roles with a bunch of lotus ( Lotus ) has overlaid .

Tomb at the entrance to the square. The doors were locked in ancient times . To do this , two pieces of stone placed in the back of the device was sealed . The tomb is also similar . The only difference is the tomb of Darius the cuneiform inscriptions and Aramaic . In this inscription , Darius , to praise Ahura Mazda and his conquests counts and speaks of his thoughts .

Tomb of Darius the corridor length of 72/18 and width 70/3 meters. Sarcophagus in the tomb , there is not a row of stone carving and Darius , the Queen and her family belongs. Length , depth and width of the coffins of 10/2 × 05/1 × 05/1 m thick ( stone ) each 5/17 inches . Each piece of stone coffin lid to form. All the chambers and tombs have been raided Khalyand and possibly by Alexander 's army .

Naqsh building

 other works remained in the building known as the Kaaba of Zoroaster we can secure damaged during the construction of the Achaemenid era is named . In the era of Sassanid Shapur Nbshthhayy Parthian and Sassanid Pahlavi and Greek script carved on the wall of the Kaaba of Zoroaster . Due to the cube of the Kaaba of Zoroaster Bhayn known names , carefully regulated and CNC bed large white rocks and tremendous fitness instructors Achaemenid era narrates this important building skills .

The building , a cube -shaped tower with a square base , which is close to 5/12 meters long and 5/3 is the length of each side . Except for the building of the tower of white and gray limestone of no other materials have been used. Very smooth and accurate manner on the rocks so that they have no need for mortar . The roof of this building is also only made ​​of stone . The roof consists of four pieces of stone -cutting mentality has accorded them a short pyramid is still quite healthy.

Do any of today's builders and engineers can not only rock , but with modern facilities, advanced materials and construction to build a 2,500 -year health guarantee ? Once the buildings are considered in the coming 25 years ?

discuss the role of the hero Rustam Naqsh-e Rustam said Bazkhvandhand and this place .

In the north (and northwest ) to this building consists of a 30- step staircase is 25 cm . On each of three sides east , west and south of the 6 -meter solar or sun Pnjrhnma is seen in the form of gray stones built. In the East , West and South of the wall there is today buried beneath the debris . Down on the stone walls of glass Sassanid seen that communication is the cornerstone of Naqsh . Naqsh building in terms of its appearance until the " Kaaba of Zoroaster " is famous . It also names as " trumpet homes ", " kettle house " and " dead house " is also called .

Naqsh building applications

It has many different theories about the application was released . Building a Temple or Temple and others knew it was assumed cellar of the Achaemenid kings , sometimes it Dzhnbsht whereabouts of books and documents, among others, bring it home dead or mummified corpses Shvykhanh been thought or Tshkdhay fire lights up the night in the mountains and in the tombs of the Achaemenid kings Mytabandh . But never an acceptable reason to prove any of these theories were offered .

autumn and some events have been writing Yearbook . After building a solar observatory or in other words " timer " or " solar index " is.

Observatory for the construction of Naqsh-e Rustam

Each of the four sides of the main building Naqsh is tilted 15 degrees west . If the building was constructed with angular otherwise , none of the calculations described here, the sun would not be possible . Changes in the angle between the edges of the Ftabsnjhayy has been working with various months of the year is equal to the angle of the sun . In Ftabsnjhay second mechanism is devised which can detect the approaching New Year week . On the other sides are not perfectly perpendicular sides Ftabsnjha deep . But are slightly offset from the inner corners to match the shade , if there would be a slight deviation would constitute such shadows .

The four corners of the earth in a way that made it to the flash light and the measure is analog . Edge of the roof is completely smooth without any lumps or sinking , formed to create shadows on the stairs is not great .

The stairs on the north side there is only a means to climb or descend . Because it is not within 25 cm steps . The stairs are located in the dial is a sentence levels and tasked with calculating the time the sun is high .47 = 5/23 + 5/23

Steps under the condition that the vertical edge of the sun throughout the year in each of the specific sequence falls on them . There are steps that can be arranged at the beginning of the Achaemenid increasingly being recognized and identified. The research revealed many secrets of the ancient monuments of Iran, pose and solve many unknowns in the history of science in the ancient world .

Naqsh-e Rustam Sasanian works

Sassanian era Naqsh include multiple reliefs . These effects are:

The first role

Naqsh front , stairs to the entrance , there is a part of the Sassanid carvings , but the designs carved on it yet. It is 10 meters long and 5 meters high and about two feet above the present surface is carved . It seems that this work belongs to the late Sasanian Sasanian important events that were going to take on that role . Depth of Sassanids more space than the other and there is no doubt that the protection of this project has been considered .

Part of the 20 -line inscription carved into the space around the Naqsh owner of agricultural land , and how to divide the water is clear . The inscription in Persian and is very new and has no historical value .

The second role : Coronation Nrsy

The first sculpture in the West , the second role, Coronation Nrsy ( 340-294 AD) shows .

In this role Nrsy loop receives power from Venus . Nrsy the spherical crowns of the canopy above is Anahita . This shows the dignity and majesty Nrsy . Top Nrsy blind folded his pants worn ornaments , crown , dress , and he has carved out a very high artistic value .

The king's chief minister stood and index finger of his right hand during the draw , held to honor the king . Venus as a woman in a dress right up to the sculpted belt and pearl necklace . His curly hair is a crown above . Between Nrsy and Venus standing child who is likely to be the crown prince , the second of Hormuz . If the child is injured .

The third role

The relief of Bahram II ( 298-276 AD) is fighting on horseback with lances gallop toward the enemy attacks . Enemy's spear is broken . Saddle cloth ( Brgstvan ) horse harness around the horse's neck and a long quiver gathered near the king's right leg is closed. B. A Roman soldier whose horse has fallen in battle , and is stepping up .

This scene portrays the role of leading the line is clean . B. An Iranian soldier fly the flag has . A piece of wood is placed horizontally on top of the flag and the three balls , two balls , one in the middle and another at the end of the wood to be seen . Two- piece silk banner hanging from the top . This indicates the command was attacked .

The fourth role : Triumph of Shapur I over the Roman

In this role, Shapur I defeated the Roman emperor Valerian show the data. This victory occurred in the year 263 AD .

The role of the finest in the Sasanian art " Naqsh " is. In this role, " Syryadys " Roman is a refugee , as the Empire of Shapur receives . Sorry for the Emperor Valerian up against Shapur kept kneeling in front of him . His magnificent costumes , ornaments , bridle and saddle , necklace , bracelet and crown royal hair and makeup vanity case, it is clear that he represents the Sassanid Hajaran skills .

Behind Srshapvr , Krtyr her finger at the manner shown respect . Through Shahpur Nqr inscription ( stamped ) by the inscription on the Ka'ba of Zoroaster.

Of the Fifth Battle of horse riders

The tomb of Artaxerxes there are two roles : the high , tied or Shapur Zvalaktaf December , has almost vanished . The bottom , and the triumph of the kingdom of Hormuz, the enemy shows.

In this role, the second Hormuz horses gallop on the enemy for the Romans , invaded and overthrew the horses he has . In this role , the Roman enemy has cut beard and helmet on head.

Ratings are king quiver with right foot and his horse Interestingly wool decorated with ornaments and tied . Sassanid king, a prince , or one of the leaders behind the Sassanian flag is raised .

The sixth

The tomb of Darius II and facing the Kaaba of Zoroaster, probably part of Shapur II ( 379-309 AD) there. In this role , is riding the crest of that , his spear into the enemy's neck and both are wearing armor .

Of th

It plays two different periods belong to the Elamite period of about 700 years ago and Bahram II ( 294 -274 AD) that is printed on the Elamite .

The role of the monarch as a symbol of the power of the sword with both hands , standing among members of the royal family . Eagle Wing Sauce King crown as a sign of Vulcan (god ) is decorated victory . B. second left , look on the faces of the three characters, while B , have been involved . Some have commented that the role of Venus . There are great King that his right hand against the king held a respectable position .

Of th

In this role , the coronation of Ardashir I ( 239-224 AD) is portrayed . Ahura Mazda and Ahriman are also two snakes coming out of her forehead , is stepping . In this role , Ardeshir Mazda is equal . Ardashir I and Mazda horse on the chest , two scrolls , each in three languages ​​, Greek, Parthian and Sassanid Pahlavi carved. Ardashir, Middle Persian translation of the text inscribed on horse's chest reads: " This is a huge Mzdaprst , lord of Artaxerxes , king of kings of Iran 's figures of deities , gods Papkan king's son ." The text on the chest Mazda carved horses , a Persian translation of this is : " The figure of the god Ahura Mazda ." One of the great commanders of the Shah of Iran, the semi- occur with the flower on the hat with the right hand over the flapper was Ardashir , has carved a magnificent way .

Astvdan (s whereabouts big bones )

Two to four small arched over the side of the road is carved from Stone Mountain , formerly known as the hearth . The position today is that " Astvdan " or the whereabouts of the two elder Sassanid bones were removed .

In addition, a low mountain range in the chest cavity cube -shaped mountain that is built just for honoring the dead bone was formed . Some of the inscriptions are Astvdan have all seventh and eighth centuries AD belong .